• Human-centered supervisory control and operator-assist architectures for scheduling and control in manufacturing and complex systems, integrating operator intent, real-time supervision, and decision-modeling to boost responsiveness and resilience. Supported by empirical and design-oriented work on supervisory control and operator models in FMS and related domains [1], [2], [3], [8], [9].

• Emphasis on human reliability, performance modeling, and information-processing limits in large-scale man-machine systems, highlighting how error, cognition, and information transfer shape system design and control strategies [7], [19], [13], [14], [18].

• Usability, interface design, and evaluation of complex automation systems, integrating heuristic evaluation, perception-centric interface concerns, and user attitudes to guide interface improvements [11], [5], [4], [12].

• Allocation of functions between humans and machines and the knowledge-base foundations guiding design choices, reflecting deliberate distribution of cognitive and control responsibilities in manufacturing and control contexts [6], [20], [4].

• Automation quality and cognitive ergonomics shaping the broader trajectory of intelligent automation, including critiques of automated systems and the future of work in high-technology environments [10], [17], [16].